第一部分语言知识运用
这一部分主要考四方面的内容：
一是近义词的用法区别和比较，这主要包括名词和动词以及形容词和副词。如：区别justify, rectify, testify, identify和intensify等词。
二是语义转换词的使用，表转折的如：however, yet和but的用法。表顺承的如：furthermore, in addition和besides等。
三是考查词汇的生成知识,如in the company of等同于and或at the same time ,这个短语的理解是基于考生必须明白company来源于accompany。如accommodate这个词,考生必须明白它来自于ac+com+modate所以意思是适合、适应。
四是考查介词的使用，英语中的介词虽然数量有限，但是用法相对比较灵活，考生必须知道它们的准确语义。如：against, for和beyond的用法。
第二部分阅读理解
一、阅读题解法
阅读理解部分去年新增设“选择搭配题”，即在一篇总长500-600词的文章中有5段空白，文章后有6-7段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段，使原文上下文语义连贯、逻辑通顺。今年大纲中又增添了3种类似的题型以供选择，在真正的考试中只采用这四种题型中的一种，仍然是每题2分，共10分。由于考生对于新题型的陌生，缺乏符合新题型的阅读材料，使得这一部分的复习难度加大。为了解决这个问题，下面对大纲中提供的原题型进行分析，希望能够帮助考生熟悉题型，在考试中避免由于不熟悉题型而丢分的现象。由于样题1去年已经考过，该题型的涉及范围也很广了，所以在此不多说，直接从样题2开始。
Sample 2
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragrphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
［A］“I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget cruch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t —it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it.”
［B］“Finally, I can’t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their carrer it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed. ”
［C］“I’ve got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.”
［D］“some people have suggested a number of thinglike using conviction records as a performance reiterion. However, we know that’s not fair-too many wther things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork does’t necessary mean you you’ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.”
［E］“the problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor. ”
［F］“So I just don’t know what to do. I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”
［G］A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and /or executives of various to be discussed was motivation-how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.
Order:
G→
41→
42→
43→
44→
45→
F
分析：
该题型是由一篇完整的文章构成，但是被分解为7个部分，其中开始和结尾部分已经给出，所以在做此题时，首先要注意出题者已经提供的开始和结尾部分，开始段落经常会提供材料的内容方向，所以为了节省时间，考生在考场上要首先阅读该选项以获得信息的最大化。第一个选项经常是提出问题，或者对问题的进一步阐述，那么不同的段落之间具有一定的逻辑关系，所以考生需要对五个段落开头以及结尾部分特别注意。例如，在该题中，很明显C时提出问题，E项则是对该问题的进一步完善，接着说出作者的疑问即A项。本套试卷后面部分提供了多套练习题，包括对科技新闻的报道以帮助考生熟悉多种文体的逻辑关系。正确答案为：CEABD
Sample 3
Directions:
You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone”that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional”resume-descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.
It’s handy to have a “tombstone”for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested “tombstone”lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.
What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read—a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers
(41) Put yourself first:
In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.
(42) Sell what youcan do, not who you are:
Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.
Toot your own horn!
Many prople cluch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch-if only you show it.
(43) Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!
Remember that “brevity is the best policy.”
(44) Turn bad news into good:
Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.
(45) Never apologize:
if you’ve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background) in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at being a mother;it’s the hardest job of all. If you have no higher education, just don’t mention education.
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the fob, that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, once you discover pattern, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.) Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you’re ready to show it to a stranger (friends are usually too kind) for a reaction. when you’re satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth dong right.
Isn’t that the kind of person you’d want working for you?
［A］A women who lost her job as a teacher’s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote: “Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher’s aide she would rehire if government funds became available.”
［B］One resume I received included the following: “Invited by my superior to straighten out our organization’s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 percent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.”notice how this women focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward-all in 34 words.
［C］For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money skills.
［D］An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement “Ready to learn though not so well educated”.
［E］One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote three resumes in three different syles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.
［F］A woman once told me about a cash-flow crosos her employer had faced. She’d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn’t in her resume. She answered, “It wasn’t important.” What she was really saying of course was “I’m not important.”
分析：
本题型是首先给出了文章的意图，给出了5个建议，然后考生根据这5个建议选择合适的例子给与支持。但是出题者提供了6个例子，需要考生进行筛选。本题型与上种题型所需要的技巧是不一样的，本题5个部分之间是没有必要联系的，可以说在某种程度上是独立的，所以考生应该先做自己有把握的，容易的。例如，在本题中第44题和第45题，都比较简单，可以马上识别是A和D, 然后再筛选做前3个。正确答案为：FCBAD
Sample 4
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
［A］ What to do as a student?
［B］ Various definitions of plagiarism
［C］ Ideas should always be sourced
［D］ Ignorance can be forgiven
［E］ Plagiarism is equivalent to theft
［F］ The consequences of plagiarism
Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person’s ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one’s ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appreciation or purloining, and publication as one’s own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another.”
41
The penalities for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.
42
Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars’ idears and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students’ inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.
43
Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer’s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.
44
Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation - note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography - are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although “there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them.”the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.
45
The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and languages of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.
The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.
分析：
该题型也是由一篇文章组成，文章也分割成7个部分，但只有5个题，同时给出6个选项。开头和结尾部分仍然是提供必要的信息，文章中的5个段落都可以表达一个完整的意思，相互间也没有什么太大联系。该题型与题型3所考的技巧很相似，比较而言要容易些，考生只要对5个段落认真地阅读，不难会发现答案，同样先选择自己有把握的题项。大纲所提供的材料是关于剽窃的问题，这5个问题相对比较容易，在此不作具体分析了。
正确答案为：FADCE
以上我们简单分析了对新大纲新题型的解题方法，而对于比较常规的阅读题，我们则可以采用以下办法：
绝招1.妙指回春法
题型特点：
这种题的题干往往是不完整的句子，而选项往往是短语形式，根据题干的关键词在文中总能找到一个代词，则这种题用妙指回春法来解题。
解题思路：
这种题往往是根据题干的核心词在文中找到相应的含有代词句子，然后往前读一句话，看哪一个选项跟前面一句话的语义相近，则这个选项就是答案。
1.It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics. (1996, Passage 4，54题)
2. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers . (1997, Passage 2，57题)
3.In the view of Net purists,.(1999,Passage 2，57题)
4. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .（2002，Text4，60题）
绝招2.是非颠倒理解法
题型特点：
文中往往用假设的方式出现，而选项往往用断言的形式出现，正确答案的选项所表达的意思是文中假设条件句后面主句语义的反面，且多以否定形式出现。
解题思路：
正话反说指文中用肯定的假设方式表述，而正确答案选项用否定形式。也就是说，当一个题针对文中的部分用假设的形式表述出来，而在题干中没有了假设的条件而只给出结果，则选项应该是不确定的、拿不准的选项。
5. The author asserts that scientists.(1999年68题)
6. The author implies that the results of scientific research.(1999年70题)
7 .The selection of medical professionals are currently based on.(1995年65题)
绝招3.近义替换法
题型特点：
近义替换方法每年在考研真题中都能用上，并且这个类型的考题每年都有至少1-2个，近年来这种考题已经从原来的单个短语的近义替换考查发展到较复杂结构的短语语义替换考查。
解题思路：
对这种题，考生要紧紧抓住题干的关键词或关键短语，找到文中这些词或短语出现的地方，从而考查哪一个选项是文中相应的句子的近义短语。如果有近义短语，则这个近义替换的选项就是答案。
8.According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life careis .(2002年58题)
9.The direct reason for specializationis.（2001年54题）
10.We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business.(1999年55题)
11 . According to the author, basic computer skillsshould be.(1999年62题)
12.Futurists claim that we must.(2000年61题)
绝招4.首段主题句破题法
首句破题法：
题型特点：
一个文章后面的第一个题是细节题，则往往是考查考生对首段首句的理解。哪一个选项跟首句的语义一致,则这个选项就是答案。
解题思路：
当发现首句结构比较复杂，或者首句比较简练而含有难以理解的词汇，则这个题的答案一定在首段首句，考生应该把重点放在首段首句的理解上，而不要急于读其他部分的句子。
13. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, .(1997, Passage 2，55题)
14. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroomis. (1999, Passage 3，59题)
15.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regardedif.(2000,Passage 5，67题)
16.What is the typical trend of businesses today? (2001,Passage 4, 63题)
17.Human ingenuity was initiallydemonstrated in.(2002，Text 2，46题)
首段末句破题法
题型特点：
一个阅读材料后面的第一个题是细节题，且题干中的核心词在首段首句中没有被置于重要的位置或者没有出现，或者四个选项所表达的意思在首句中没有明确的近义表达出现，首段首句则不是这个段落的主题句，则这种题的答案应在首段末句出现，首段末句是这个段落的主题句。
解题思路：
当发现阅读材料后面的第一个题是细节题，且题干中的核心词在首句中没有出现或不在重要位置，则应迅速读末句以确定答案。
18.“Creationism” in the passage refers to.(1996， Passage 5，67题)
19.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause.(2000,Passage 1，51题)
绝招5.转折传义法
题型特点：
一篇阅读文章后面的第一个题如果不是主旨题或态度题，而是细节题，根据题干中的关键词在文中首段首句难以确定题干和首句的关系，则如果首段中有转折词，应重点分析理解转折词之后的内容。
解题思路：
做题过程中考生应牢牢抓住转折词之后的句子，判断四个选项中哪一个选项跟转折词之后的成分语义是近意的，则这个选项就是答案。
首段对比转折
20.The third sentence of paragraph 1implies that. (1998, Passage 1，51题)
21.What used to be the danger in being a manaccording to the first paragraph? (2000,Passage 2，55题)
22.Digital divideis something. (2001，Passage 2，55题)
文中转折传义（1996.55；1996.58；2001.56;2001.58;2001.60;2001.62;2001.68）
23.The world famous BBC now faces(1996， Passage 2，55题)
24.Governments attach importance to the Internetbecause it. (2001，Passage 2，56题)25.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on .
26.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .
27.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its
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